Research Use Only. Not for human or veterinary therapeutic use. All content is provided for scientific reference and educational purposes only.MOTS-C (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. Discovered in 2015 by the Kim laboratory, MOTS-C has emerged as one of…
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Research Use Only. Not for human or veterinary therapeutic use. All content is provided for scientific reference and educational purposes only.Joint biology research encompasses articular cartilage homeostasis, synovial inflammation, ligament and tendon repair, subchondral bone remodelling, and the molecular pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Several research peptides have documented preclinical activity…
Research Use Only. Not for human or veterinary therapeutic use. All content is provided for scientific reference and educational purposes only.Respiratory biology encompasses airway innate immunity, alveolar repair, pulmonary fibrosis, chronic inflammatory lung disease, and infection-driven lung injury. Several research peptides have documented preclinical activity across these domains — from antimicrobial host defence to…
Research Use Only. Not for human or veterinary therapeutic use. All content is provided for scientific reference and educational purposes only.Two of the most studied longevity-oriented peptides in preclinical geroscience are Epitalon (AEDG tetrapeptide) and GHK-Cu (glycine-histidine-lysine copper complex). Both modulate fundamental biological ageing pathways — yet they do so through substantially different molecular…
Research Use Only. Not for human therapeutic use. All data cited from peer-reviewed preclinical literature.The endocrine system — encompassing the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and its downstream endocrine glands (thyroid, adrenal cortex, gonads, pancreas, parathyroid, pineal) — is regulated by a hierarchy of feedback loops, peptide hormones, and signalling cascades that govern metabolism, stress response, reproduction,…
Research Use Only. Not for human therapeutic use. All data cited from peer-reviewed preclinical literature.GHK-Cu (copper tripeptide Gly-His-Lys) and BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157) are two of the most studied research peptides in the context of tissue repair and biological age-related decline. Both compounds have documented effects on wound healing, collagen biology, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory…
Research Use Only. Not for human therapeutic use. All data cited from peer-reviewed preclinical literature.BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157) is a synthetic pentadecapeptide derived from human gastric juice protein with a broad gastrointestinal protective profile — encompassing anti-ulcer activity, intestinal barrier repair, NSAID-induced gut damage protection, inflammatory bowel disease attenuation, and fistula healing. Beyond its…
Research Use Only. Not for human therapeutic use. All data cited from peer-reviewed preclinical literature.Oxytocin (OT) — the nine-amino-acid hypothalamic neuropeptide classically associated with social bonding, parturition, and lactation — has emerged as a significant modulator of the reward circuitry underlying addiction. Oxytocin receptor (OTR) expression throughout the mesolimbic dopamine system — including the…
Research Use Only. Not for human therapeutic use. All data cited from peer-reviewed preclinical literature.TB-500 is a synthetic peptide derived from the actin-sequestering protein Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4), the most abundant intracellular G-actin sequestering protein in most mammalian cells. Tβ4’s primary molecular function — binding monomeric G-actin through its LKKTET actin-binding domain — positions it…
Research Use Only. Not for human therapeutic use. All data cited from peer-reviewed preclinical literature.Follistatin (FST) is a secreted glycoprotein that acts as a high-affinity binding protein for activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), neutralising their signalling by steric blockade of receptor binding. Within the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, follistatin is a critical endogenous modulator…
Research Use Only. Not for human therapeutic use. All data cited from peer-reviewed preclinical literature.Ipamorelin is a selective growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHS-R1a) agonist — a pentapeptide (Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH₂) that stimulates pituitary GH release with high receptor selectivity and minimal cortisol or prolactin side effects. Beyond its pituitary activity, GHS-R1a is expressed in…
Research Use Only. Not for human therapeutic use. All data cited from peer-reviewed preclinical literature.CJC-1295 is a synthetic GHRH (growth hormone-releasing hormone) analogue with extended half-life conferred by Drug Affinity Complex (DAC) technology — maleimidopropionic acid modification enabling covalent albumin binding and prolonged GH stimulation. Its capacity to amplify pulsatile and tonic GH secretion,…
